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Abstract
Over the years, mathematics and statistics have become increasingly important in the social sciences. A look at the history of mathematics quickly reveals this claim. In the beginning of the 20th century most of the theories in the social sciences were formulated in qualitative terms while quantitative methods did not play a substantial role in the formulation and establishment of them. Moreover, many practitioners considered mathematical methods to be inappropriate and simply not suited to foster our understanding of the social domain. Notably, the famous Methodenstreit (Method Dispute) was also about the role of mathematics in the social sciences. Mathematics was considered as the method of the natural sciences from which the social sciences had to be separated during the period of maturation of these disciplines. This is actually changed by the end of the 20th century. By then, mathematical and especially statistical methods were standardly used and it became relatively uncontested that they are of much value in the social sciences. In reality, the usage of mathematical and statistical methods is now ubiquitous. Almost all social sciences depends on mathematical and statistical methods to analyze data and to form hypotheses, and almost all of them use (to a greater or lesser extend) a range of mathematical methods to help us understand the social world.
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